50 Sentences

Arma

Radio comms from the field — lines you'd call in Arma Reforger. Every word colored by its case, tagged with its dictionary form and the rule that changed it.

NOMSubject. Dictionary form.
ACCDirect object. Motion toward with в / на.
GENAfter до от из у без для около напротив вдоль с. Also: нет, numbers.
DATAfter к, по. Also: нужен, звонить, помочь.
INSTRMeans / с (with). Static position with над за под перед.
PREPOnly with prepositions. в / на = location. о = topic.
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Contact and spotting

Reporting what you see is the most common radio traffic in the game. Most lines are a nominative subject plus a location phrase. Two recurring snags: animate enemies (врага) borrow the genitive for their accusative, and в / на for static location pull the prepositional.

01
Я вижу врага.
I see the enemy.

врага
ACCUSATIVE
враг · masc. Direct object. враг is animate masculine, so its accusative copies the genitive: -а is added.
02
Противник справа.
Enemy on the right.

Противник
NOMINATIVE
противник · masc. Subject, with the "to be" dropped. справа is an adverb and never declines.
03
Вижу цель в здании.
I see a target in the building.

цель
ACCUSATIVE
цель · fem. Direct object. цель is feminine ending in -ь, so its accusative matches the nominative.
здании
PREPOSITIONAL
здание · neut. Static location after в, prepositional. здание becomes здании.
04
Враг впереди, за деревьями.
Enemy ahead, behind the trees.

Враг
NOMINATIVE
враг · masc. Subject.
деревьями
INSTRUMENTAL
дерево · neut. за meaning "behind" (location) takes instrumental. Irregular plural деревья becomes деревьями.
05
Снайпер на холме.
Sniper on the hill.

холме
PREPOSITIONAL
холм · masc. Location after на, prepositional. холм becomes холме.
06
Я слышу выстрелы слева.
I hear shots on the left.

выстрелы
ACCUSATIVE
выстрел · masc. Direct object, plural. Inanimate, so accusative matches nominative.
07
Вижу две машины на дороге.
I see two vehicles on the road.

машины
GENITIVE
машина · fem. Numbers 2, 3, 4 take the genitive singular. машина becomes машины.
дороге
PREPOSITIONAL
дорога · fem. Location after на, prepositional.
08
Противник занимает позицию.
The enemy is taking the position.

Противник
NOMINATIVE
противник · masc. Subject.
позицию
ACCUSATIVE
позиция · fem. Direct object. Feminine -я becomes -ю. позиция becomes позицию.

Movement and positioning

Movement language lives on the motion-versus-location split. в and на plus accusative means heading into or onto somewhere. к plus dative means toward. за plus instrumental means tucking in behind cover.

09
Мы двигаемся к мосту.
We're moving toward the bridge.

мосту
DATIVE
мост · masc. к (toward) takes dative. мост becomes мосту.
10
Занимай позицию за зданием.
Take a position behind the building.

позицию
ACCUSATIVE
позиция · fem. Direct object of "take."
зданием
INSTRUMENTAL
здание · neut. за meaning "behind" (location) takes instrumental. здание becomes зданием.
11
Идите в лес.
Go into the forest.

лес
ACCUSATIVE
лес · masc. в for motion toward takes accusative. Inanimate masculine, so it looks like the nominative.
12
Держим оборону здесь.
We're holding the line here.

оборону
ACCUSATIVE
оборона · fem. Direct object. держать takes accusative. оборона becomes оборону.
13
Отходим к деревне.
We're pulling back to the village.

деревне
DATIVE
деревня · fem. к (toward) takes dative. деревня becomes деревне.
14
Прикрой меня справа.
Cover me on the right.
15
Группа идёт через поле.
The squad is going across the field.

Группа
NOMINATIVE
группа · fem. Subject.
поле
ACCUSATIVE
поле · neut. через (across / through) takes accusative. Neuter поле is unchanged.
16
Я на позиции, жду приказа.
I'm in position, waiting for an order.

позиции
PREPOSITIONAL
позиция · fem. Location after на, prepositional.
приказа
GENITIVE
приказ · masc. ждать takes genitive when waiting for something abstract. приказ becomes приказа.

Orders and coordination

Giving and relaying orders. Whoever you give to or inform is dative, the thing itself is accusative. Two combat-specific triggers worth burning in: по plus dative for firing on a target, and за plus instrumental for following behind someone.

17
Командир, дай нам приказ.
Commander, give us an order.

приказ
ACCUSATIVE
приказ · masc. Direct object, the thing given.
18
Открыть огонь по противнику.
Open fire on the enemy.

огонь
ACCUSATIVE
огонь · masc. Direct object of "open." Inanimate masculine, unchanged.
противнику
DATIVE
противник · masc. по for firing on a target takes dative. противник becomes противнику.
19
Доложи свою позицию.
Report your position.

позицию
ACCUSATIVE
позиция · fem. Direct object, the thing reported. свою agrees with it in the accusative.
20
Прикрывай командира.
Cover the commander.

командира
ACCUSATIVE
командир · masc. Direct object, animate masculine, so accusative copies the genitive. командир becomes командира.
21
Сообщи группе о враге.
Tell the squad about the enemy.

группе
DATIVE
группа · fem. Recipient of the message, dative. группа becomes группе.
враге
PREPOSITIONAL
враг · masc. о (about) takes prepositional. враг becomes враге.
22
Дай мне патроны.
Give me cartridges.

патроны
ACCUSATIVE
патрон · masc. Direct object, plural. Inanimate, so accusative matches nominative.
23
Стреляй в того солдата.
Shoot at that soldier.

солдата
ACCUSATIVE
солдат · masc. в plus accusative here aims at a target. солдат is animate, so accusative copies the genitive. того agrees.
24
Следуй за мной.
Follow me.

Supply and ammo

The highest-value pattern in this whole file: with нужен, the thing you need is the nominative subject and you are dative. "I need ammo" is literally "to me ammo is needed," and the verb agrees with the ammo, not you. Possession and shortage run on у plus genitive and нет plus genitive.

25
Мне нужны патроны.
I need cartridges.

патроны
NOMINATIVE
патрон · masc. The thing needed is the real subject, so it is nominative. нужны agrees with it as plural. This reversal is the key pattern.
26
У меня нет боеприпасов.
I'm out of ammo.

боеприпасов
GENITIVE
боеприпасы · pl. нет (none) forces the absent thing into genitive plural. боеприпасы becomes боеприпасов.
27
У снайпера есть аптечка.
The sniper has a medkit.

снайпера
GENITIVE
снайпер · masc. Owner after у, genitive. снайпер becomes снайпера.
аптечка
NOMINATIVE
аптечка · fem. The thing that exists is the subject, nominative.
28
Принеси мне аптечку.
Bring me a medkit.

аптечку
ACCUSATIVE
аптечка · fem. Direct object. аптечка becomes аптечку.
29
Нам нужно топливо для машины.
We need fuel for the vehicle.

топливо
NOMINATIVE
топливо · neut. The needed thing is the nominative subject. нужно agrees as neuter.
машины
GENITIVE
машина · fem. для (for) takes genitive. машина becomes машины.
30
Дай магазин пулемётчику.
Give a magazine to the machine gunner.

магазин
ACCUSATIVE
магазин · masc. Direct object, the thing given.
пулемётчику
DATIVE
пулемётчик · masc. Recipient, dative. пулемётчик becomes пулемётчику.
31
Сколько у тебя гранат?
How many grenades do you have?

гранат
GENITIVE
граната · fem. Quantity word сколько takes genitive plural. граната becomes the zero-ending гранат.
32
Возьми оружие врага.
Take the enemy's weapon.

оружие
ACCUSATIVE
оружие · neut. Direct object. Neuter, unchanged.
врага
GENITIVE
враг · masc. Possession, the weapon OF the enemy, genitive.

Casualties and medic

Casualty traffic hides a trigger that catches everyone: помочь (to help) governs dative, so the person you help is dative, never accusative. Counts of wounded pull genitive through their numerals, and reporting about losses uses о plus prepositional.

33
Я ранен.
I'm wounded.
34
Медик, помоги солдату.
Medic, help the soldier.

Медик
NOMINATIVE
медик · masc. Whom you are addressing, stays nominative.
солдату
DATIVE
солдат · masc. помочь (to help) takes dative, not accusative. The one helped is dative. солдат becomes солдату.
35
Командир убит.
The commander is down.

Командир
NOMINATIVE
командир · masc. Subject. убит is a short passive predicate, not a case form.
36
Мне нужна помощь.
I need help.

помощь
NOMINATIVE
помощь · fem. The needed thing is the nominative subject. нужна agrees as feminine.
37
Двое бойцов ранены.
Two fighters are wounded.

бойцов
GENITIVE
боец · masc. The collective numeral двое takes genitive plural. боец becomes бойцов.
38
У нас двое раненых.
We have two wounded.

раненых
GENITIVE
раненый · adj. двое takes genitive plural. The noun-like adjective раненый becomes раненых.
39
Помогите раненому.
Help the wounded man.

раненому
DATIVE
раненый · adj. помочь takes dative. The wounded man (a noun-like adjective) becomes раненому.
40
Доложи о потерях.
Report on the casualties.

потерях
PREPOSITIONAL
потеря · fem. о (about / on) takes prepositional. Plural потери becomes потерях.

Vehicles and transport

Vehicles stack everything at once. Getting in is accusative motion, riding is на plus prepositional, driving along is по plus dative, parking behind is за plus instrumental, and fueling uses the bare instrumental for the means.

41
Садись в машину.
Get in the vehicle.

машину
ACCUSATIVE
машина · fem. в for motion (getting into) takes accusative. машина becomes машину.
42
Мы едем на грузовике.
We're driving in the truck.

грузовике
PREPOSITIONAL
грузовик · masc. на X for a mode of transport takes prepositional. грузовик becomes грузовике.
43
Вертолёт летит над лесом.
The helicopter is flying over the forest.

Вертолёт
NOMINATIVE
вертолёт · masc. Subject.
лесом
INSTRUMENTAL
лес · masc. над (over) takes instrumental. лес becomes лесом.
44
Танк движется по дороге.
The tank is moving along the road.

Танк
NOMINATIVE
танк · masc. Subject.
дороге
DATIVE
дорога · fem. по meaning "along" takes dative. дорога becomes дороге.
45
Выходи из машины.
Get out of the vehicle.

машины
GENITIVE
машина · fem. из (out of) takes genitive. машина becomes машины.
46
Поставь грузовик за зданием.
Park the truck behind the building.

грузовик
ACCUSATIVE
грузовик · masc. Direct object. Inanimate masculine, unchanged.
зданием
INSTRUMENTAL
здание · neut. за meaning "behind" (location) takes instrumental.
47
Водитель ждёт нас у моста.
The driver is waiting for us at the bridge.

Водитель
NOMINATIVE
водитель · masc. Subject.
моста
GENITIVE
мост · masc. у meaning "by / at" takes genitive. мост becomes моста.
48
Я заправил машину топливом.
I fueled the vehicle.

машину
ACCUSATIVE
машина · fem. Direct object.
топливом
INSTRUMENTAL
топливо · neut. The means, what you fill it WITH, takes the bare instrumental. топливо becomes топливом.
49
Командир в танке, мы за ним.
The commander is in the tank, we're behind him.

танке
PREPOSITIONAL
танк · masc. Location after в, prepositional. танк becomes танке.
50
После атаки возвращаемся на базу.
After the attack we return to base.

атаки
GENITIVE
атака · fem. после (after) takes genitive. атака becomes атаки.
базу
ACCUSATIVE
база · fem. на for motion toward takes accusative. база becomes базу.